Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Next revision | Previous revision | ||
|
comman_line_reference [2015/09/04 01:02] admin created |
— (current) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | Linux Terminal Command Reference | ||
| - | System Info | ||
| - | ---- | ||
| - | date – Show the current date and time | ||
| - | cal – Show this month' | ||
| - | uptime – Show current uptime | ||
| - | w – Display who is online | ||
| - | whoami – Who you are logged in as | ||
| - | finger user – Display information about user | ||
| - | uname -a – Show kernel information | ||
| - | cat / | ||
| - | cat / | ||
| - | df -h – Show disk usage | ||
| - | du – Show directory space usage | ||
| - | free – Show memory and swap usage | ||
| - | Keyboard Shortcuts | ||
| - | Enter – Run the command | ||
| - | Up Arrow – Show the previous command | ||
| - | Ctrl + R – Allows you to type a part of the command you're looking for and finds it | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ctrl + Z – Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background | ||
| - | Ctrl + C – Halts the current command, cancel the current operation and/or start with a fresh new line | ||
| - | Ctrl + L – Clear the screen | ||
| - | |||
| - | command | less – Allows the scrolling of the bash command window using Shift + Up Arrow and Shift + Down Arrow | ||
| - | !! – Repeats the last command | ||
| - | command | ||
| - | Esc + . (a period) – Insert the last argument of the previous command on the fly, which enables you to edit it before executing the command | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ctrl + A – Return to the start of the command you're typing | ||
| - | Ctrl + E – Go to the end of the command you're typing | ||
| - | Ctrl + U – Cut everything before the cursor to a special clipboard, erases the whole line | ||
| - | Ctrl + K – Cut everything after the cursor to a special clipboard | ||
| - | Ctrl + Y – Paste from the special clipboard that Ctrl + U and Ctrl + K save their data to | ||
| - | Ctrl + T – Swap the two characters before the cursor (you can actually use this to transport a character from the left to the right, try it!) | ||
| - | Ctrl + W – Delete the word / argument left of the cursor in the current line | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ctrl + D – Log out of current session, similar to exit | ||
| - | Learn the Commands | ||
| - | |||
| - | apropos subject – List manual pages for subject | ||
| - | man -k keyword – Display man pages containing keyword | ||
| - | man command – Show the manual for command | ||
| - | man -t man | ps2pdf - > man.pdf | ||
| - | which command – Show full path name of command | ||
| - | time command – See how long a command takes | ||
| - | |||
| - | whereis app – Show possible locations of app | ||
| - | which app – Show which app will be run by default; it shows the full path | ||
| - | Searching | ||
| - | |||
| - | grep pattern files – Search for pattern in files | ||
| - | grep -r pattern dir – Search recursively for pattern in dir | ||
| - | command | grep pattern – Search for pattern in the output of command | ||
| - | locate file – Find all instances of file | ||
| - | find / -name filename – Starting with the root directory, look for the file called filename | ||
| - | find / -name ”*filename*” – Starting with the root directory, look for the file containing the string filename | ||
| - | locate filename – Find a file called filename using the locate command; this assumes you have already used the command updatedb (see next) | ||
| - | updatedb – Create or update the database of files on all file systems attached to the Linux root directory | ||
| - | which filename – Show the subdirectory containing the executable file called filename | ||
| - | grep TextStringToFind /dir – Starting with the directory called dir, look for and list all files containing TextStringToFind | ||
| - | File Permissions | ||
| - | |||
| - | chmod octal file – Change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding: 4 – read (r), 2 – write (w), 1 – execute (x) | ||
| - | Examples: | ||
| - | chmod 777 – read, write, execute for all | ||
| - | chmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world | ||
| - | For more options, see man chmod. | ||
| - | File Commands | ||
| - | |||
| - | ls – Directory listing | ||
| - | ls -l – List files in current directory using long format | ||
| - | ls -laC – List all files in current directory in long format and display in columns | ||
| - | ls -F – List files in current directory and indicate the file type | ||
| - | ls -al – Formatted listing with hidden files | ||
| - | |||
| - | cd dir – Change directory to dir | ||
| - | cd – Change to home | ||
| - | mkdir dir – Create a directory dir | ||
| - | pwd – Show current directory | ||
| - | |||
| - | rm name – Remove a file or directory called name | ||
| - | rm -r dir – Delete directory dir | ||
| - | rm -f file – Force remove file | ||
| - | rm -rf dir – Force remove an entire directory dir and all it’s included files and subdirectories (use with extreme caution) | ||
| - | |||
| - | cp file1 file2 – Copy file1 to file2 | ||
| - | cp -r dir1 dir2 – Copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn' | ||
| - | cp file / | ||
| - | |||
| - | mv file / | ||
| - | mv file1 file2 – Rename or move file1 to file2; if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2 | ||
| - | |||
| - | ln -s file link – Create symbolic link link to file | ||
| - | touch file – Create or update file | ||
| - | cat > file – Places standard input into file | ||
| - | cat file – Display the file called file | ||
| - | |||
| - | more file – Display the file called file one page at a time, proceed to next page using the spacebar | ||
| - | head file – Output the first 10 lines of file | ||
| - | head -20 file – Display the first 20 lines of the file called file | ||
| - | tail file – Output the last 10 lines of file | ||
| - | tail -20 file – Display the last 20 lines of the file called file | ||
| - | tail -f file – Output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines | ||
| - | Compression | ||
| - | |||
| - | tar cf file.tar files – Create a tar named file.tar containing files | ||
| - | tar xf file.tar – Extract the files from file.tar | ||
| - | |||
| - | tar czf file.tar.gz files – Create a tar with Gzip compression | ||
| - | tar xzf file.tar.gz – Extract a tar using Gzip | ||
| - | |||
| - | tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – Create a tar with Bzip2 compression | ||
| - | tar xjf file.tar.bz2 – Extract a tar using Bzip2 | ||
| - | |||
| - | gzip file – Compresses file and renames it to file.gz | ||
| - | gzip -d file.gz – Decompresses file.gz back to file | ||
| - | Printing | ||
| - | |||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | lpq – Display jobs in print queue | ||
| - | lprm – Remove jobs from queue | ||
| - | lpr – Print a file | ||
| - | lpc – Printer control tool | ||
| - | man subject | lpr – Print the manual page called subject as plain text | ||
| - | man -t subject | lpr – Print the manual page called subject as Postscript output | ||
| - | printtool – Start X printer setup interface | ||
| - | Network | ||
| - | |||
| - | ifconfig – List IP addresses for all devices on the local machine | ||
| - | iwconfig – Used to set the parameters of the network interface which are specific to the wireless operation (for example: the frequency) | ||
| - | iwlist – used to display some additional information from a wireless network interface that is not displayed by iwconfig | ||
| - | ping host – Ping host and output results | ||
| - | whois domain – Get whois information for domain | ||
| - | dig domain – Get DNS information for domain | ||
| - | dig -x host – Reverse lookup host | ||
| - | wget file – Download file | ||
| - | wget -c file – Continue a stopped download | ||
| - | SSH | ||
| - | |||
| - | ssh user@host – Connect to host as user | ||
| - | ssh -p port user@host – Connect to host on port port as user | ||
| - | ssh-copy-id user@host – Add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login | ||
| - | User Administration | ||
| - | |||
| - | adduser accountname – Create a new user call accountname | ||
| - | passwd accountname – Give accountname a new password | ||
| - | su – Log in as superuser from current login | ||
| - | exit – Stop being superuser and revert to normal user | ||
| - | Process Management | ||
| - | |||
| - | ps – Display your currently active processes | ||
| - | top – Display all running processes | ||
| - | kill pid – Kill process id pid | ||
| - | killall proc – Kill all processes named proc (use with extreme caution) | ||
| - | bg – Lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the background | ||
| - | fg – Brings the most recent job to foreground | ||
| - | fg n – Brings job n to the foreground | ||
| - | Installation from source | ||
| - | |||
| - | ./configure | ||
| - | make | ||
| - | make install | ||
| - | dpkg -i pkg.deb – install a DEB package (Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint) | ||
| - | rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm – install a RPM package (Red Hat / Fedora) | ||
| - | Stopping & Starting | ||
| - | |||
| - | shutdown -h now – Shutdown the system now and do not reboot | ||
| - | halt – Stop all processes - same as above | ||
| - | shutdown -r 5 – Shutdown the system in 5 minutes and reboot | ||
| - | shutdown -r now – Shutdown the system now and reboot | ||
| - | reboot – Stop all processes and then reboot - same as above | ||
| - | startx – Start the X system | ||